Overview of the US Court System

A vastly simplified outline of the civil US court system, and why court data is so hard to collect.

Federal and state civil courts

Federal courts (US Supreme, US Courts of Appeals, US District Courts) and state courts (Supreme, Appeals, Circuit, County)

Many layers, few connections

  • NY State alone has over 2,000 courts
  • Most courts are not connected
  • Many courts are offline
Example civil court structure for a state, from county courts up to the supreme court

What challenges are involved in collecting court data?

1. Diversity of State Court Systems

From a data perspective, the US court system is a disorganized mess. The states have different multilayered court systems.

2. Imprecise Naming Conventions

Much confusion has resulted from imprecise terms and the lack of naming conventions. For example, some states will refer to their circuit courts as superior courts, while others identify them as county or district courts.

3. Inaccessibility

Court websites will often go down for months at a time. Some sites, like New Jersey, actually shut down at night! Many sites even use antiquated technology from the last century (like WordPerfect!).

4. Disorganized Data

The courts use vastly different ways to organize and categorize their data (even those running on the same software). Hundreds of courts even use duplicated case numbers.

Premonition is the only company to get close to downloading and normalizing court data on a nationally searchable, real-time basis.

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Contact us to learn more about our court data offerings.